We trade because each country has a comparative advantage in producing certain goods. At the same time, governments impose tariffs to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers and to promote domestic industries. To explore these trade-offs, we build a simple microeconomic model that: Links tariffs to changes in demand, supply, import volumes, and prices. Simulates equilibrium before and after a tariff shock. Conducts a Monte Carlo sweep of tariff rates to show the distribution of outcomes.

Click here for GitHub repository.

Nepal’s macro indicators look encouraging on the surface, yet the lived reality tells a different story. Remittances rise every year but fuel consumption more than investment, the private sector is expanding but not fast enough to absorb new workers, and the country’s busiest industry is still the airport as young people continue to leave for education and jobs. The question is what this pattern really means for long-term development and structural transformation. In Development Economics, my term paper digs into remittance flows, FDI trends, and household-level data to understand how migration shapes poverty reduction, labor markets, and the prospects for job creation at home. By tracing how money moves into and across the economy, it asks whether Nepal’s remittance-led model can sustain growth or whether deeper reforms are needed to shift from dependence to opportunity.

How should developing countries chart a viable path forward when they face both tightening fiscal budgets after years of borrowing and mounting climate shocks that demand costly public action? Traditional advice to consolidate and invest in resilience falls flat when governments simply lack the fiscal space to do either. The real challenge is finding a way to ease debt pressures without undermining stability, while still directing resources toward adaptation that strengthens long-term growth. Debt-for-climate swaps offer a practical answer by turning old liabilities into climate investments, lowering immediate debt service, and funding projects that reduce future losses. For economies caught between natural disasters and creditor demands, this approach creates rare room to rebuild resilience and restore macroeconomic breathing space.  

Click here for policy memo.

In this study, the Cold Region Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM), a physical-based hydrological model, is used to comprehend and understand the hydrological process and the impacts of climate change in the Langtang Glacier Research Basin of the Nepal Himalayas. 

Click here for pdf, presentation slides and my poster presentation at the International Conference on Mountain Hydrology and Crysophere (ICMHC) 2023. 

In this project, we six students from the Maxwell School participated in the International Actors and Issues class to analyze the impact of the U.S. presidential election on climate change policy. We examined the positions of the two major presidential candidates, assessing their potential impact on climate policy. Our analysis utilized an interdisciplinary lens, exploring the current global state of climate policy, the historical U.S. stance on climate change, and the implications of differing administrations on international allies and rivals.

Click here for a pdf of the report.

 The shift from a top-down framework to a bottom-up model is progressive and positive because participatory approaches ensure the representation, mobilization, and strengthening of marginalized groups to have a greater share of voice in decision-making. This, in turn, enhances their chances of securing their fair share of water and their livelihoods . This practice is advancing in several areas of water management and even in modeling approaches, as it has the potential to explore local scales. However, it is necessary to investigate the complexities and limitations of the bottom-up approach. This paper discusses the shortcomings and complexities that are yet to be discussed abundantly in the scholarship so that each limitation’s solution or the successful efforts to overcome the limit is addressed to ensure the bottom-up approach holds true of being an inclusive participatory method.

This is a final term paper for the GEO 622:Water: Society, Politics, and Environment is a political ecology course that critically examines how water influences and intersects with society, politics, and the environment at multiple levels which is offered in the Geography Department at the Maxwell School.

Click here for pdf. 

GEO 622: Water: Society, Politics, and Environment is a political ecology course that critically examines how water influences and intersects with society, politics, and the environment at multiple levels. The course adopts a critical geographical perspective, analyzing water-society relationships through governance, politics, power dynamics, and conflicts across various scales. Rather than providing an exhaustive or descriptive overview of global water issues, the course focuses on key themes such as global water discourses, governance conflicts, transboundary water management, infrastructure control, urban water challenges, climate change, privatization, commodification, the right to water, and water justice. 

By engaging with interdisciplinary scholarship and case studies, we students developed a critical lens to explore how water shapes and is shaped by social, political, economic, legal, ecological, and cultural factors. For weekly discussions, I have chosen the theme of "Privatization and Human Rights in Water," where I analyze and synthesize the weekly assigned readings to interpret the scholars' key arguments and perspectives.

Click here for pdf. 

In this video we have collected the stories and myths about Nagdaha, a urban wetland of Dhapakhel, Lalitpur Nepal. There are many interesting and scary stories waiting to be heard. Click on the video to find out more.

In this report, survey of the Harpan khola was done to construct a counter-map of the basin's boundaries and used a current meter to calculate the khola's discharge. 

Click here for pdf.